The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is a cornerstone of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, NREL is dedicated to advancing renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies through innovative research and collaboration.

In the ever-evolving landscape of renewable energy, staying informed about the latest advancements in photovoltaic (PV) technology is crucial. NREL offers an invaluable resource for enthusiasts, researchers, and industry professionals alike—the Interactive Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart. This tool provides a comprehensive overview of the highest confirmed conversion efficiencies achieved by various photovoltaic technologies over the past five decades.

NREL’s Interactive Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart showcases the pinnacle of research-cell efficiencies across five major PV technologies: crystalline silicon cells, single-junction gallium arsenide cells, multijunction cells, thin films, and emerging photovoltaics (PV). Spanning from 1976 to 2024, the chart visually represents the significant strides made in each technology, highlighting how efficiencies have consistently improved over time. With data points reaching up to 47.6% efficiency, the chart underscores the rapid advancements and the promising future of solar energy conversion.

This interactive chart serves as a vital tool for understanding the progress and potential of solar technologies. By providing detailed insights into the efficiency trends of different PV technologies, NREL enables users to track innovations, benchmark progress, and identify areas for future research and development. The ability to visualize long-term improvements and compare various technologies enhances the understanding of how solar energy can continue to evolve and contribute to sustainable energy solutions.