Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) represent a promising solution for reducing energy demand in urban areas, as explored in the study Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of BIPV in Europe. This paper highlights the significant potential of BIPV systems to transform building facades into energy generators, but it also discusses the financial and technological barriers that need to be overcome. One of the central focuses of the research is the calculation of the LCOE, which evaluates the economic feasibility of BIPV across European capitals.
A major barrier identified is the high initial investment cost, which is often a deterrent despite the long-term savings from energy production. The dual functionality of BIPV, serving as both an energy generator and building envelope material, complicates the financial analysis. The study calculates that in most European cities, the average LCOE of BIPV systems has already reached grid parity, meaning that the cost of energy produced by BIPV is comparable to or lower than purchasing energy from the grid. However, challenges remain, particularly in countries where BIPV costs still exceed grid prices.
The classification of barriers in the paper includes technical challenges such as system efficiency, regulatory obstacles concerning incentives and tariffs, and social factors like awareness and acceptance. Stakeholders including policymakers, manufacturers, and urban planners must work together to create an environment conducive to BIPV adoption. Policymakers play a critical role in designing rational feed-in tariffs and subsidies that can make BIPV more attractive to investors and consumers.
The crucial takeaway from the paper is the importance of context-specific policies. While many European countries no longer require feed-in tariffs to make BIPV viable, there are still regions where financial support is necessary. Additionally, improving BIPV efficiency through technological advancements will further reduce costs and increase adoption rates.
The study makes a strong case for the widespread adoption of BIPV in Europe, supported by a robust economic analysis. It underscores the need for collaborative efforts among key stakeholders to remove barriers, improve the technology, and create financial frameworks that support the transition to nearly zero-energy cities.
